Dayton Engineering
Sciences Symposium


List of Submitted Abstracts

* Note that appearance on this list does not guarantee that the abstract has been or will be accepted. All submitted abstracts will be reviewed for suitability and technical content.

Oral Presentations

Additive Manufacturing

Abstract ID: DESS2026-007

Fused Filament Fabrication of 4-way Microfluidic Devices in Cyclic Olefin Copolymer

Thu Nguyen
University of Dayton
Russell K. Pirlo
University of Dayton

Flow-focusing microfluidic devices have attracted increasing attention for their applications in droplet generation, used in high-throughput single-cell analysis and mimicking cellular and organelle environments. In addition, there is growing interest in replacing traditional polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) soft lithography with additive manufacturing, particularly fused filament fabrication (FFF), because of its rapid prototyping capability and low-cost processing. The choice of printing material also affects the scalability and performance of microfluidic devices. Among thermoplastic materials, cyclic olefin copolymer (COC) is a promising alternative because of its high optical clarity, chemical resistance, low water absorption, and biocompatibility. However, fabrication of complex microfluidic junctions remains challenging because conventional slicing strategies can introduce filament artifacts, leakage, and defects at channel intersections. In this work, a four-way flow-focusing microfluidic device was developed. The design and fabrication process was based on a CAD-to-toolpath methodology in which microfluidic features were treated independently during slicing rather than relying solely on conventional global printing parameters. Each channel subcomponent, including the channel window, main channel, and channel roof, was refined with different lengths at each layer to prevent overlap between the branch and straight channels. Slicer settings and post-processing of G-code were used to control the sequence and continuity of extrusion paths in critical channel regions, particularly at the four-way junction. Specifically, the channel subcomponents were printed before the infill regions to maintain the desired channel dimensions and improve sealing against the supporting substrate. The toolpath was further modified to extend the branch roof across the stem roof, maintaining continuity at the channel intersection. In addition, the travel paths at the beginning of the channel walls were adjusted to move out of the main channel, minimizing channel deformation caused by excess material when extrusion resumed. Retraction commands before and after printing the channel components were also adjusted to approximately 0.05 mm greater than the corresponding extrusion commands to minimize overextrusion and underextrusion when extrusion resumed. The resulting device was successfully fabricated with leak-free microfluidic channels. The device was subsequently evaluated for droplet generation by introducing oil and water phases through the flow channels, successfully producing oil-in-water droplets.

Abstract ID: DESS2026-022

Effect of Treated and Untreated Hemp Fibers in Promoting Alpha Crystals in PLA

Md Afif Anowar
Miami University
Giancarlo Corti, Muhammad P. Jahan
Miami University

Polylactic acid (PLA) is a semicrystalline polymer that crystallizes relatively slowly. Its crystal structure depends strongly on nucleation conditions and on its thermal history. Depending on the crystallization and annealing conditions, PLA can form either the less ordered α′ crystal form or the more ordered and thermodynamically stable α form. Natural fibers can act as nucleation sites for PLA, and treating the fiber surface chemically may further affect how crystals form and develop. This study examines how untreated and chemically treated hemp fibers, along with annealing temperature and time, affect the formation and transformation of α′ and α crystals in PLA. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) was used to identify chemical changes caused by the hemp-fiber surface treatment. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) was carried out on unannealed samples and on samples annealed at 90 and 130 °C for 15, 30, 60, and 120 min. These tests were used to evaluate changes in cold crystallization, melting behavior, enthalpy, and degree of crystallinity. X-ray diffraction (XRD) was used to track changes in the characteristic PLA diffraction peaks associated with the α′ and α crystal forms. The DSC results show that both hemp-fiber incorporation and thermal annealing influence the crystallization and melting behavior of PLA. The extent of these changes depends on the annealing temperature and duration. The XRD patterns show related changes in the position, intensity, and sharpness of the crystalline peaks with different fiber treatments and annealing conditions. These changes indicate differences in crystal ordering and in the development of the α′ and α structures. The comparison between samples annealed at 90 and 130 °C highlights the strong effect of temperature on crystal organization, while the changes observed with increasing annealing time show the gradual development of the crystalline structure. Together, the DSC and XRD results show how hemp-fiber surface treatment and thermal annealing can be used to encourage the formation of more ordered α crystals in PLA.

Aerospace Engineering

Abstract ID: DESS2026-008

High-Speed Force Accounting: Propulsion/Airframe Integration of the Saab Draken

Aidan Beaty
Wright State University
Timothy T. Takahashi
Air Force Institute of Technology

The SAAB J35 Draken was a Cold-War era fighter-interceptor designed, developed, manufactured, and first operationally deployed in Sweden. It features an unusual double-delta planform wing and an afterburning turbojet engine fed by double Normal Shock inlets. The manufacturer states its top speed as “Mach 2”; unofficial rumors have it capable of Mach 2.3+. We seek to determine whether the claim of Mach 2.3 capability was real or apocryphal since traditional, English language propulsion texts highly disfavor the use of Normal Shock inlets for flight much above Mach 1.4. This paper presents an overview of the Draken and our attempts to reverse-engineer its performance from aerodynamic and propulsion models based on publicly released data. While simplistic propulsion modelling does not substantiate flight above Mach 1.7, we believe that the Draken is capable of speeds in excess of Mach 2.3. Its success is due to the substantial diffusing action found within its inlet which develops significant duct thrust at supersonic speeds. This favorable propulsion / airframe integration is the key to its capability.

Abstract ID: DESS2026-009

Composite Laminates Under Cyclic Load: Crack Growth, XFEM, and Aerospace Readiness

Tahseen Al-wattar
Central State University
Mariam K. Chaloob
** Other (please contact webmaster)
Rafil M. Laftah
** Other (please contact webmaster)
Daniel Young
Wright State University
M. R. Hadizadeh
Central State University

The structural integrity of fiber-reinforced polymer composites is of paramount importance in aerospace engineering, where such materials are increasingly deployed in spacecraft components, satellite structures, launch vehicle fairings, and NASA mission-critical systems. Fatigue-induced crack growth represents one of the most significant failure mechanisms in these applications, where components endure millions of cyclic loading events under extreme thermal and mechanical environments. This study investigates Mode I translaminar fatigue crack growth in E-glass chopped strand mat (CSM)/epoxy LR625 composite laminates fabricated via the vacuum bagging technique (VBT), a manufacturing process directly relevant to the production of aerospace structural panels, thermal protection system components, and satellite solar array substrates. Experimental fatigue testing was conducted on five specimens under cyclic loading (24–44 MPa) per ASTM E647-15, yielding Paris law constants C = 4×10⁻¹² and m = 4.8584, material parameters critical for damage-tolerant design of aerospace structures and direct inputs into NASA's NASGRO life-prediction framework. Numerical simulations using the Extended Finite Element Method (XFEM) with a direct cyclic approach achieved only 6% error in fatigue life prediction relative to experiment, providing engineers and aerospace designers with an efficient, cost-effective alternative to purely experimental qualification campaigns. Optical microscopic analysis identified three characteristic crack growth regions: initial notch, stable propagation, and catastrophic fracture, identifying microstructure failure modes, particularly matrix cracking and fiber-matrix debonding, offering microstructural evidence that directly informs non-destructive evaluation (NDE) inspection intervals for composite spacecraft structures. The validated Paris coefficients and XFEM framework represent a significant contribution toward the computational certification of composite aerospace structures, supporting the broader objectives in lightweight materials innovation and structural life prediction for exploration missions. +The work of TAA and MRH was supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant No. NSF-OIA-2430293 at Central State University.

Abstract ID: DESS2026-034

Roughness Study for Additively Manufactured Centrifugal Compressors

Sam Steck
Wright State University
Mitch Wolff
Wright State University
Mike List
Air Force Research Laboratory

Newly emerging compressor manufacturing techniques, such as fused deposition modeling (FDM) or fused filament fabrication (FFF), are innovative ways to quickly produce turbomachinery parts at a very low cost. These new methods have drawbacks in the form of increased manufacturing defects. Some defect examples include overhang deformation before cooling, high manufacturing uncertainties, and increased surface roughness. A CFD study was performed to identify the effects that surface roughness has on a centrifugal compressor's performance efficiency. NASA's high efficiency centrifugal compressor (HECC) was used for the study and two cases were analyzed. A simplified case, which did not include endwall losses or tip leakage, identified how profile losses changed due to surface roughness. Then a "full geometry" model with a variable surface roughness calculated the overall efficiency of the compressor. The models revealed that surface roughness has an exponential regressive relation with the compressor's efficiency. These trendlines can be used to approximate the efficiency of additively manufactured centrifugal compressors of any surface roughness. The efficiency decreases due to strong boundary layers, greater turbulence, and increased entropy generation. It was also observed in the simplified case that flow features such as velocity and pressure were significantly lower near the hub. This counters the results shown in the full geometry which proves the flow quantities are significantly more affected near the shroud. This suggests that the hub's surface roughness has a minimal effect on the flow field when compared to the tip clearance and shroud. Future research will allow for more accurate modeling of additively manufactured compressors which account for features such as layer steps and leading edge distortions. Distribution Statement A. Approved for public release: distribution is unlimited. Approved AFRL-2026-1637 15-09-2026

Biomechanics / Biomedical Engineering

Abstract ID: DESS2026-004

Analysis of Alpha Amylase 1 in Relation to Implicit Bias

Helena Duselis
Dayton Regional STEM School

Currently, there is no way to quantitively measure bias so the purpose of this was to attempt to link Alpha Amylase 1 (AMY1) to implicit bias. The estimated result states that the study will show an increase in AMY1 levels when presenting stimuli of a man who is black as opposed to AMY1 levels decreasing when presenting stimuli of a man who is white. Participants completed a survey before asking them to self-score their stress level and their opinion stating if they are biased. Then samples were taken before and after being exposed to a video of a situation involving a man who was either white or Black. Results show that the majority of participants experienced a decreased AMY1 level when exposed to a stimulus of a white man signifying decreased stress levels, with an increase in AMY1 levels when exposed to a stimulus of a Black man signifying increased stress levels. Additionally, it was seen that participants preexisting stress level did not impact their results from the study.

Abstract ID: DESS2026-005

Formation and Rupture of Blebbed Intracranial Aneurysms at Different Locations: An Engineering Perspective

Zifeng Yang
Wright State University
Hang Yi
Wright State University
Luke C. Bramlage
Wright State University
Bryan R. Ludwig
Wright State University

Intracranial aneurysms (IAs) with bleb(s)/daughter sacs have higher potential of rupture. Hemodynamics plays a key role in the formation and rupture of aneurysms and daughter sacs in the human vascular system. This investigation studies the hemodynamic factors linked to the initiation of daughter sacs and rupture of IAs with daughter sacs using anatomical and phantom models with the sac virtually removed across various scenarios. Anatomical models of 45 IAs with 67 bleb scenarios were created through reconstructions from 3D rotational angiographies. Corresponding phantom parental IA models, assuming as the pre-bleb state, were created by virtually removing the bleb. Temporal hemodynamic flow features in both blebs and parental IAs under physiological pulsatile inflow conditions were revealed using an in-vitro validated computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model. Statistical analysis were conducted on several hemodynamic factors, such as the wall shear stress (WSS), WSS gradient, time-averaged WSS, surface-averaged WSS, oscillatory shear index etc. It is found that higher WSS was linked to IA rupture at anterior cerebral artery (ACA) bifurcation (p < 0.05), while relatively low WSS was associated with IA rupture on the internal carotid artery (ICA) (p < 0.05). High surface-averaged WSS (p< 0.05) and WSS gradient (p< 0.05) with lower maximum OSI (p< 0.05), were found to significantly increase the potential of daughter sac initiation. The daughter sac is inferred to be initiated near the edge region of the original impacted region where higher WSS was observed. The hemodynamic parameters influencing IA rupture with bleb(s) vary significantly with specific aneurysm locations.

Abstract ID: DESS2026-006

Gel Gap Electrospinning, a Novel Method for Integrating Electrospun Nanofiber Mats Into 3D-printed ‘Transwell’ On-a-Chip devices

Chang-yu Chiang
University of Dayton
R. Kirk Pirlo
University of Dayton

In vitro modeling of barrier tissues like the skin, lungs, gut, and blood-brain barrier using Organ-on-a-Chip (OOC) devices is increasingly important for screening and testing new drugs for efficacy and transport. Current models rely on flat synthetic polymer membranes that fail to accurately replicate the complex, fibrous architecture of the natural human extracellular matrix (ECM). While electrospun nanofiber (ESNF) membranes offer high porosity and controllable structures ideal for mimicking the human ECM, integrating these fragile mats into dielectric devices currently requires manual peeling, cutting, and transferring. This manual handling causes tearing, wrinkling, and poor sealing, ultimately compromising barrier integrity and resulting in inconsistent device fabrication. Consequently, there is a significant need for a process that focuses electrospun nanofiber mats into dielectric OOC devices. To address these critical limitations, we developed an automated, seamlessly integrated manufacturing process using a novel Gel Gap Electrospinning (GGES) technique. In this approach, a 3D printer first fabricates a dielectric polymer device base and a conductive gel-polymer-electrolyte (GPE) targeting ring. The device is then transferred to an electrospinning setup, where the temporary GPE ring creates a localized conductive region that enables nanofibers to be deposited within the gel’s perimeter on the dielectric substrate. Finally, after the GPE is dried, the device is returned to the 3D printer where fabrication is completed by printing the upper half of the device. Here, we report a low-residue GPE formulation engineered to provide suitable rheological and electrical properties and to dry with minimal residue following electrospinning. This minimizes interference with the subsequent 3D printing of the upper Transwell components and facilitates interlayer fusion. Through systematic material optimization, glycerol was replaced with sodium citrate to achieve a viscosity suitable for horizontal electrospinning, helping the hydrogel remain securely in place and reducing macroscopic printing defects such as gaps and bubbles. Furthermore, the incorporation of NaCl increased the formulation’s electrical conductivity 3.54-fold, from 2.5 S/m to 8.85 S/m. Together, these material and process improvements enabled the fabrication of Transwell architectures with targeted nanofiber deposition. Ultimately, the GGES technique provides a practical and potentially scalable manufacturing platform for incorporating fibrous scaffolds into dielectric devices for in vitro screening.

Abstract ID: DESS2026-015

Mesh Convergence and Preprocessing Workflow Sensitivity in Patient-Specific Intracranial Aneurysm CFD

Lakshmi Sumedha Appalla
Wright State University
Zifeng Yang
Wright State University
Luke Bramlage
Wright State University
Bryan Ludwig
Wright State University

Patient-specific CFD is widely used to study intracranial aneurysm hemodynamics, but a numerically converged solution does not necessarily mean that the result is independent of how the vascular geometry was reconstructed. In this study, the effects of mesh resolution and preprocessing workflow were examined separately to understand how much each contributes to the final CFD result. Aneurysm geometries were reconstructed using Mimics and 3D Slicer at Hounsfield-unit thresholds of 1000, 1500, and 2500. Meshes ranging from approximately 1.1 to 3.0 million cells were evaluated using poly-hexcore or polyhedral-tetrahedral approaches with prism-layer inflation and wall-resolved y+ < 1. Blood was modeled as an incompressible, non-Newtonian power-law fluid with a density of 1050 kg/m³, consistency index K = 0.01512979 Pa·sⁿ, and flow-behavior index n = 0.685. Three pulsatile cardiac cycles were simulated using a 0.001 s time step, a prescribed inlet mass-flow waveform, pressure outlets, and rigid no-slip vessel walls. Velocity and wall shear stress were evaluated near peak systole at approximately 0.160 s and over the final cardiac cycle. The main hemodynamic quantities approached mesh-independent behavior at approximately 2.7–3.0 million cells. However, achieving mesh convergence did not remove the variability caused by anatomical reconstruction. Across the preprocessing cases evaluated, peak velocity changed by approximately 8–20%, while area-averaged wall shear stress over the aneurysm sac showed relative differences as high as 117.6%. The segmentation threshold generally had a greater effect than the choice between Mimics and 3D Slicer. Localized peak wall shear stress was also more sensitive to small geometric changes than spatially averaged sac-wall quantities. These results show that mesh convergence is an important part of patient-specific aneurysm CFD, but it is not sufficient on its own to establish the reliability of the solution. Segmentation settings and reconstruction choices should also be reported and evaluated when hemodynamic quantities are used for interpretation.

Abstract ID: DESS2026-025

Electrospraying Induces Coordinated Calcium Signaling in Human Adipose-Derived Stem Cells

Gary Coffman
Wright State University
Nasim Nosoudi
Wright State University
Lyana Green
Wright State University

Introduction: Cartilage tissue engineering seeks to create functional replacements for damaged cartilage, a tissue with limited regenerative capacity. One of the primary challenges is achieving chondrogenic differentiation of stem cells, such as human adipose-derived stem cells (hASCs), into chondrocytes. Traditionally, this process relies on the application of growth factors such as TGF-β and BMPs, which have shown promise but also come with significant drawbacks, including high costs, protein instability, and off-target differentiation. As a result, alternative strategies are urgently needed to promote chondrogenesis in a more cost-effective, scalable, and controlled manner. Recent advancements in biophysical stimuli, such as electrical and mechanical cues, offer promising avenues to achieve this. Specifically, electrospraying has emerged as a technique that can induce chondrogenesis in hASCs without the need for exogenous growth factors. Prior studies by our group demonstrated that electrospraying at specific voltages (10 kV and 15 kV) promoted spheroid formation and upregulated key chondrogenic markers such as Sox9 and Aggrecan. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms responsible for these observations was previously unclear. Materials and Methods: In this study, we systematically investigated the mechanisms by which electrospraying induces chondrogenesis in hASCs. We will explore the role of ion channels (e.g., TRPC, TRPV, VGCCs) and downstream signaling pathways (e.g., cAMP/PKA, PKCα, ERK1/2) in the electrospraying process. Electrosprayed hASCs was exposed to high voltage electric fields and their cellular response was assessed through gene expression analysis, immunofluorescence staining, and calcium imaging to measure Ca²⁺ influx. We also utilized specific inhibitors for ion channels and signaling molecules to identify the contribution of each pathway in promoting chondrogenesis. Results, Conclusions, and Discussions: Our findings indicate that electrospraying significantly increases the expression of chondrogenic markers like Sox9 and Aggrecan in hASCs post-electrospraying. These conditions also resulted in increased spheroid formation, suggesting that electrospraying influences cellular morphology and aggregation, key processes in chondrogenesis. Moreover, we observed a dose-dependent release of ATP following membrane depolarization, which corresponds with an increase in Ca²⁺ influx. Subsequent signaling pathway activation (e.g., PKCdelta, cAMP/PKA, AKT, ERK1/2) was detected, supporting the hypothesis that electrospraying-induced electrical signals initiate downstream signaling cascades that drive stem cell differentiation.This study demonstrates that electrospraying is a promising non-chemical approach for inducing chondrogenesis in human adipose-derived stem cells (hASCs). By elucidating these mechanisms, we provide a more comprehensive understanding of biophysical stimulation in cartilage tissue engineering, offering a potential strategy for regenerative therapies without relying on costly exogenous growth factors. Acknowledgements and/or References: "This research was funded by the National Science Foundation under Award No. 2337961 as part of the NSF CAREER Award."

Abstract ID: DESS2026-029

Objective and Comprehensive Assessment of Facial and Neck Burn Scars Using Longitudinal 3D Color Imaging

Jennifer Whitestone
Wright State University
Helen Christians
** Other (please contact webmaster)
Dr. Tarun Goswami
Wright State University

Facial and neck burns can produce hypertrophic scars that affect appearance, movement, and function. Clinical scar assessment commonly relies on rating scales such as the Vancouver Scar Scale (VSS), which evaluates vascularity, pigmentation, height, and pliability. Although clinically useful, these assessments are subjective, depend on examiner judgment, and provide limited quantitative information about scar maturation. The lack of an objective, consistent, and comprehensive assessment method also makes it difficult to rigorously evaluate scar-management treatments and determine which interventions are most effective. This pilot observational study investigated whether three-dimensional (3D) color imaging could quantitatively document facial and neck scars throughout the healing process. Fifteen patients with deep partial-thickness or full-thickness burns of the face and/or neck were enrolled and followed for up to 24 months. We completed 113 scanning sessions. At scheduled visits, occupational therapists evaluated scars in eight standardized facial and neck zones using the VSS and collected facial and neck mobility measurements. A Cyberware 3030PS scanner simultaneously recorded 360-degree surface geometry and 24-bit color images of the head and neck. We scanned patients in six standardized positions representing neutral posture, eye closure, mouth opening, neck extension, and right and left neck rotation. We extracted color values from scarred regions and compared them with VSS ratings and, when available, matched normal-skin measurements. Preliminary patient-level analyses indicate that measures representing redness relative to green are more consistently associated with VSS severity than individual red, green, or blue values. R(G), normal-skin-adjusted R(G), and normalized R(G) measures demonstrated positive associations with VSS in every patient for whom the measures could be calculated. Preliminary pooled correlations were approximately ρ = 0.51–0.52. Raw green intensity generally decreased as VSS severity increased, while red-to-blue measures were weaker and less consistent. These findings suggest that the relative balance between red and green contains more clinically relevant information than absolute red intensity alone. Ongoing analyses will account for repeated observations within patients, anatomical zones, and longitudinal visits and will assess measurement reliability and changes during scar maturation. This work will also provide the foundation for an AI-assisted computational framework integrating longitudinal scan registration, automated scar segmentation, 3D surface geometry, color and texture analysis, anatomical landmark tracking, and functional mobility measurements. The long-term goal is to generate reproducible quantitative biomarkers and patient-specific healing trajectories that correlate with therapist assessments while offering greater objectivity and sensitivity to change. Such methods could improve clinical documentation, support comparisons across patients and treatment centers, and provide a stronger scientific basis for evaluating the effectiveness of burn-scar interventions.

Abstract ID: DESS2026-031

Virtual Reality Task Design for Gross Motor Training Post-Spinal Cord Injury

Skyler Barclay
University of Dayton
Megan E. Reissman, Timothy Reissman, Allison L. Kinney
University of Dayton
Rebekah Revadelo, Andrew Hill
University of Dayton

Upper-extremity rehabilitation can be critical in maintaining function and strength for people after a spinal cord injury (SCI). Virtual Reality (VR) offers a platform for engaging, customizable, repetitive, and high intensity upper-extremity practice. In prior work we have been able to characterize movement during a standardized set of levels. However, using new features we hope to target more specific therapeutic goals. Previous findings showed that unilateral tasks produced the greatest joint range of motion (ROM), bilateral tasks with opposing directions across the midline produced the least, and bilateral tasks with mirrored directions fell between these conditions. This pattern was inversely related to motor-planning demands. Data-collection procedures differed by cohort. All participants played Beat Saber in virtual reality, slicing blocks with a virtual saber according to each block’s direction, position, and designated arm. Participants with SCI, n = 10, completed five one-hour visits. They selected three to four goal-directed levels, beginning at the easiest difficulties for each level and progressing over time. The second difficulty was repeated for each level during the final visit as a baseline. Participants without upper-extremity movement impairment completed one 30-minute session to establish a normative database, n = 144, including four to five randomized levels and difficulties. This analysis focused on three shoulder-oriented levels: Shoulder ROM, which included tasks from the previous study phase; Vertical Arcs, which emphasized large vertical reaches; and Midline Crossing, which emphasized large horizontal reaches. Vertical Arcs and Midline Crossing added connecting light-beam arcs to guide arm position between tasks and tasks across the body’s midline. We compared overall, vertical, and horizontal reaching ROM across grouped difficulty levels. In the normative cohort, level type differed significantly across all interaction. Vertical Arcs produced the greatest vertical ROM, Midline Crossing produced the greatest horizontal ROM, and Shoulder ROM produced intermediate values. The SCI cohort showed the same general pattern, although differences were smaller and fewer comparisons were significant. For overall ROM, the normative cohort had the largest ROM for Vertical Arcs, followed by Shoulder ROM, and Midline Crossing. In contrast, the SCI cohort showed significantly less overall ROM in Shoulder ROM than in either of the other levels. These cohort differences may reflect diagnostic characteristics or a learning effect present in the SCI cohort but not the normative cohort. The repeated baseline levels provided a partial assessment of learning. In the SCI cohort, Vertical Arcs and Midline Crossing showed decreases in their primary reaching-ROM measures, with an additional decrease in overall ROM for Vertical Arcs. These changes may indicate improved movement efficiency. Shoulder ROM showed no significant decreases, suggesting that participants were better able to maintain a moderate effort level over time. Within Vertical Arcs, difficulty progressed from unilateral to mirrored, opposing, and combined mirrored/opposing motions. Hand vertical ROM replicated prior findings, all difficulties differed significantly, with unilateral producing the greatest ROM and opposing the least. The combined condition produced intermediate values. Since learning effects were present, additional analyses are needed before drawing firm conclusions about the effect of difficulty structure.

Abstract ID: DESS2026-035

Evaluation of Ankle Range of Motion Using a Modified Humotech Ankle Exoskeleton

Lucille Baier
University of Dayton
Timothy Reissman
University of Dayton

Ankle exoskeletons are wearable robotic devices designed to assist or augment human movement, with applications in mobility assistance, rehabilitation, and physical training. Preserving the natural rotational degrees of freedom (DOFs) of the ankle while wearing an exoskeleton is important for maintaining physiological movement patterns and postural control strategies across functional tasks. Restricting these DOFs may alter lower-limb biomechanics and induce compensatory movements at adjacent joints, potentially increasing mechanical loading or limiting device effectiveness. The objective of this study is to evaluate an ankle exoskeleton modification designed to better accommodate natural ankle range of motion (ROM) across three rotational DOFs. Ankle ROM is assessed during rest, walking, balance, and turning under three experimental conditions: (1) no exoskeleton, representing unrestricted natural movement; (2) a commercially available ankle exoskeleton that primarily permits dorsiflexion and plantarflexion (Humotech Caplex EXO-001); and (3) a modified configuration incorporating a passive ball-and-socket mechanism intended to accommodate three-dimensional ankle rotation. Three-dimensional ankle kinematics are compared across conditions to characterize how the commercially available and modified exoskeleton configurations influence ankle ROM during each task. Preliminary findings from at least one participant will provide an initial assessment of differences in ankle ROM among the three conditions and inform subsequent evaluation of the modified design. This work represents an initial step toward developing ankle exoskeletons that provide mechanical assistance while preserving the multidirectional ankle mobility required for natural locomotor and postural control.

Controls

Abstract ID: DESS2026-012

Methods for computation of the Laplace transform on time series data.

Daniel Davidar
Air Force Research Laboratory

Awaiting public release.

Abstract ID: DESS2026-014

Development of Quality-Driven Control Framework for Two-Phase Pump Loop

Colin Fokine
Wright State University
Mitch Wolff
Wright State University
Zachary Carner
Air Force Research Laboratory
Abdeel Roman
Air Force Research Laboratory
Jacob Spark
Air Force Research Laboratory

Awaiting public release.

Engineering Education

Abstract ID: DESS2026-028

Pressure Test Rig

Riley Glaser
Wright State University

Awaiting public release.

Fluid Dynamics / CFD

Abstract ID: DESS2026-003

Comparison of Posteriori Methods for Machine Learned Turbulence Modeling

Lincoln Dehaven
Wright State University
James Wnek
Wright State University
Mitch Wolff
Wright State University

Awaiting public release.

Abstract ID: DESS2026-030

Coking Analysis of Cavitating Flow Nozzle for Fuel Expansion Systems

Liam Hackett
Air Force Research Laboratory
Mitch Wolff
Wright State University
Justin DelMar
Air Force Research Laboratory

Awaiting public release.

Abstract ID: DESS2026-036

Tensor Basis Local Linear Regression for Machine Learning Turbulence Model Feature Selection

James Wnek
Wright State University
Mitch Wolff
Wright State University

Machine learning has drawn interest for improving turbulence models, but feature selection has remained challenging because the widely used tensor basis architecture breaks the direct relationship between model inputs and predicted stresses. Here, we propose tensor basis local linear regression (TBLLR) as a surrogate tailored to turbulence modeling. TBLLR uses weighted linear regression over samples in each point’s neighborhood to directly calculate the tensor basis coefficients as a function of given input features that optimally reconstruct the anisotropy. By optimizing the neighborhood size, the reconstructed field gives an estimate of the maximum accuracy attainable by a tensor basis model, without overfitting, using the chosen input features. Tests on flat plate and periodic hills datasets show that TBLLR well approximates the accuracy of optimized tensor basis neural networks with less than 2% of the training time and only a single hyperparameter. The results demonstrate TBLLR’s potential as an efficient tool for evaluating and selecting feature sets in machine learning-assisted turbulence modeling.

Heat Transfer / Thermal Sciences

Abstract ID: DESS2026-001

Rapid AI-Based Prediction of Thermal Properties of Multiphase Materials from Virtual 2D Image Samples

Yusheng Jiang
University of Dayton
Sreelakshmi Sreeharan; Kiranmayee Madhusudhan; Hui (Jack) Wang
University of Dayton
Xiong (Bill) Yu
Case Western University

Understanding the thermal properties of porous/multiphase materials is essential in engineering. However, conventional laboratory and in-situ testing methods are often time consuming, labor-intensive, and inadequate for capturing complex multiscale characteristics. To address this gap, this study proposes an innovative, AI-powered framework for the rapid, cost effective, and image-based property evaluation of materials. The framework integrates four components: (1) a novel Voronoi Imaging Method, (2) random finite element modeling (rFEM)-based virtual experiments, (3) advanced machine learning (ML) techniques, and (4) RGB camera imaging. In the presentation, Unsaturated soil was used as a demonstration case, focusing on thermal conductivity estimation. Within the framework, an innovative polygon-filling Voronoi algorithm was proposed to generate virtual 2D image samples of porous materials, accurately replicating their multiscale microstructures. These virtual samples are then used for rFEM virtual experiments to test material properties and generate data for training a one-hot encoded convolutional neural network (CNN). To support image-based property prediction, an RGB–XY Decision Tree Classifier was proposed and used to process RGB photos of real samples to extract 2D phase-distribution maps of air, water, and solid. These maps are then used as input to the trained CNN model, enabling photo-driven estimation of material properties. Results show that the CNN model can predict values closely matching virtual experiment and laboratory results (errors within ±15%).

Abstract ID: DESS2026-010

Development of a High-pressure Visualization chamber for Supercritical CO2

Evan Fender
Wright State University

Supercritical carbon dioxide (sCO₂) has gained significant attention in recent years due to its abundance, favorable thermophysical properties, and potential for use in advanced power generation and thermal management systems. However, its high critical pressure and complex behavior near the critical point pose substantial experimental challenges. This work presents the design and development of a high-pressure visualization chamber for observing density variations in sCO₂ using Schlieren imaging. The visualization chamber is designed for integration into a closed-loop sCO₂ system mounted on a centrifugal G-table, enabling the investigation of density gradients and fluid behavior under varying gravitational conditions. The results aim to improve understanding of supercritical fluid behavior in dynamic environments relevant to aerospace and energy applications.

Abstract ID: DESS2026-011

Investigation of Surface Roughness Influence on Turbulent Boundary Layers

Mason Horsley
Wright State University
Mitch Wolff
Wright State University

This early-stage investigation examines how surface roughness influences thermal transport within turbulent boundary layers, focusing on dimensionless parameters y+ and u+ to identify when equivalent roughness becomes thermally significant in the near-wall region. The work reviews definitions of equivalent roughness and evaluates hydraulic and thermal roughness models to understand how they represent conduction, convection, and turbulence interactions for engineered surfaces. Early analysis highlights areas where thermal roughness behavior diverges from hydraulic predictions. Additively manufactured roughness geometries will be incorporated into thermal roughness models to evaluate their influence on turbulent boundary-layer behavior. Future effort will examine roughness produced by additively manufactured components, along with external effects such as oxidation, surface buildup, and microstructural variations that may alter thermal conductivity and specific heat. These factors will be reviewed to determine their influence on boundary-layer thermal behavior. The overall goal is to establish a basis for modeling thermally dominated roughness effects and guide later experimental validation.

Abstract ID: DESS2026-032

Transcritical Carbon Dioxide Refrigeration for Aerospace Applications: Architecture, Performance, and SWaP Comparison with Conventional Refrigerants

Mitchell Hughes
Wright State University
Zach Carner
Air Force Research Laboratory
Abdeel Roman
Air Force Research Laboratory
Jacob Spark
Air Force Research Laboratory
Mitch Wolff
Wright State University

Awaiting public release.

Human Factors

Abstract ID: DESS2026-021

Comparative Pilot Study Evaluating Predictive Automation in Aviation

Becket Nash
University of Dayton
Sharon Bommer
University of Dayton
Esther Omotala Adeyemi
University of Dayton

Aviation is a high-pressure, mentally demanding field where cognitive overload can lead to fatal errors. This pilot study investigates whether predictive automation can improve performance and reduce mental workload in these multitasking environments. An experiment was conducted using the USAARL Multi-Attribute Task Battery (MATB), which simulates a pilot’s responsibilities through four simultaneous tasks. Each of the 10 participants completed a session unaided, and a second with predictive automation. Performance accuracy, subjective NASA-TLX ratings, galvanic skin response (GSR), and electroencephalography (EEG) data were collected to evaluate predictive automation’s effectiveness. The aided session saw improved performance scores and lower NASA-TLX ratings on key scales such as mental demand and effort. However, the physiological measures showed inconclusive results. These results point towards predicative automation improving performance and reducing mental workload, but a larger study is required to verify these findings and further explore physiological effects.

Abstract ID: DESS2026-023

Comparative Literature Review of Predictive and Adaptive Automation Research Across Industries

Sofiya Piede
University of Dayton
Esther O. Adeyemi
University of Dayton
Beckett Nash
University of Dayton
Sharon Bommer
University of Dayton

Awaiting public release.

Abstract ID: DESS2026-037

The Potential of Ylang-Ylang Essential Oil to Reduce Mental Workload in Athletes: A Systematic Review

Nikhil Buerk
University of Dayton
Esther Adeyemi
University of Dayton
Sharon Bommer
University of Dayton

Awaiting public release.

Materials

Abstract ID: DESS2026-033

Evolution of the Mechanical Properties of a 3D-Printable Elastomer Under Elevated-Temperature Thermal Cycling

Anna Petre
University of Dayton
Nyra Pahal, Adin Stoller, Jinchen Han, Evan Symjunas, Li Cao, Bob Lowe
University of Dayton
Allyson Cox, Timothy Osborn
University of Dayton Research Institute

Recent advances in additive manufacturing have enabled the fabrication of complex, customizable elastomeric components such as seals, gaskets, hoses, and vibration absorbers. These components are often employed in automotive and aerospace applications with fluctuating thermal environments, yet the degradation of 3D-printed elastomers under cyclic thermal loading remains poorly understood. This work investigates the macroscopic mechanical properties and underlying molecular mechanisms driving the degradation of a vat-photopolymerized urethane acrylate elastomer under thermal cycling. Printed dogbone specimens were cycled between 40 °C and either 85 °C or 125 °C for up to 20 cycles with 35 °C/h dwells. Quasi-static uniaxial tension testing revealed that ultimate tensile strength (UTS), strain at break, and toughness followed a non-monotonic, bell-shaped trend with increasing cycle count. For instance, at 125 °C, UTS peaked at 2 cycles before falling to 133% of as-printed values after 20 cycles. FTIR, DSC, and SEM are being used to correlate these changes with chemical bonding, network structure, and fracture morphology. Preliminary results suggest competing mechanisms, with continued post-cure crosslinking dominating at low cycle counts followed by chain scission and thermal oxidation dominating at high cycle counts. These findings are expected to inform service-life prediction for additively manufactured elastomeric components in thermally cyclic environments.

Abstract ID: DESS2026-038

Effects of High Temperature Exposure on the DC Characteristics of AlGaN/GaN HEMTs

Branen Bussey
Wright State University
Nick Sepelak
** Other (please contact webmaster)
Ahsan Mian
Wright State University
Andrew Green
Air Force Research Laboratory
Ahmad Islam
Air Force Research Laboratory

Awaiting public release.

Other

Abstract ID: DESS2026-020

Effects of Surface Texturing on the Corrosion Resistance and Cell Adhesion of Ti-6Al-4V Alloy

Sajib Bhowmik
Miami University
Md Fahim Rashid Choudhury
Miami University
Shashi Lalvani
Miami University
Paul James
Miami University
Muhammad P. Jahan
Miami University

Ti-6Al-4V (grade 5 Titanium alloy) is widely used in biomedical implants not only for its exceptional mechanical properties but also for its overall biocompatibility, including corrosion resistance and cell adhesion. Conventional machining of grade-5 Ti-6Al-4V is difficult because of its hardness, which increases tool wear and edge build-up that hinders maintaining precision. Wire electrical discharge machining (WEDM) has comparative advantages for machining this alloy, as it offers precision machining and mitigates the risk of tool wear, as the process is completed by electric spark. Several studies have examined the corrosion resistance and in vitro cell adhesion and proliferation of EDM-machined surfaces. However, few studies have focused on investigating the effects of textured surfaces on cell adhesion or corrosion resistance for titanium alloy. In this study, we will focus on how the WEDM textured surfaces (slots, pillars, and curved profiles) affect the alloy's corrosion resistance and cell adhesion capabilities. We will use the multi-pass cutting method in WEDM as well as two different types of wire materials: brass and Zn-coated brass wire to investigate how they influence the surface in terms of cell adhesion and corrosion resistance. A total of 9 sample types were machined for testing. The tests conducted on each sample were corrosion tests (Polarization resistance and Tafel) and cell adhesion tests using MC3T3-E1 cells. An overall comparison between the conventionally machined and WEDMed surfaces was carried out in terms of their corrosion resistance and cell adhesion performance.

Abstract ID: DESS2026-026

Surface modification and functionalization for improved corrosion resistance and biocompatibility

Md Fahim Rashid Choudhury
Miami University
Sajib Bhowmik
Miami University
Shashi Lalvani
Miami University
Paul James
Miami University
Muhammad P. Jahan
Miami University

In this study, Titanium alloys (Ti-6Al-4V) were modified using several surface functionalization strategies to assess the improvement of electrochemical and biological performance of the surface. Titanium discs machined using Wire Electrical Discharge Machining (WEDM) were cleaned through multiple sonication steps, and activated in an alkaline environment. Subsequently, they were functionalized using 2% (v/v) 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (3-APTES) in anhydrous toluene, and Type I collagen biomolecule was introduced through carbodiimide-mediated coupling using 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide and N-hydroxysuccinimide (EDC/NHS). Multiple characterization methods were used to verify the surface modification. The qualitative Picro-sirius Red Staining Testing indicated the presence of Collagen on the substrate. Also, the substantial drop of the Water Contact Angle (WCA) confirmed the introduction of hydrophilicity of the modified surface because of the collagen layer. Finally, the quantitative elemental analysis obtained from X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) verified the covalent immobilization of the biomolecule.

Poster Presentations

Additive Manufacturing

Abstract ID: DESS2026-017

Effects of Scan Strategy and Energy Input on the Tensile Performance of LPBF Ti-6Al-4V

Louis Scholer
Miami University
Emmett Tuason
Miami University
Paria Karimi
Miami University
Muhammad Jahan
Miami University
Esmaeil Sadeghi
Miami University

Laser Powder Bed Fusion (LPBF) offers significant advantages for manufacturing complex Ti-6Al-4V components. However, variations in processing conditions and laser scan paths can lead to differences in mechanical performance. Therefore, understanding the effects of processing conditions and laser scan paths is important in order to produce parts with consistent and reliable properties. This study investigates how energy input and scan strategy influence the tensile behavior of laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) printed Ti-6Al-4V alloy. Two experimental print series were evaluated using subsize round tensile specimens based on ASTM standard E8/E8M. The first series evaluated low, standard and high volumetric energy density (VED) conditions using a bidirectional scan pattern. Increasing VED was associated with increased physical elongation, while ultimate tensile strength (UTS) did not follow a linear trend and reached its highest measured value at the intermediate VED. The second series compared bidirectional, stripe and two chessboard scan strategies under the same nominal energy input. The chessboard conditions produced the highest measured tensile strengths, with the 5 mm chessboard condition providing the strongest overall combination of strength and ductility out of both series. Increasing the chessboard size to 10 mm resulted in a similar tensile strength but lower ductility. These results show that energy input alone does not determine tensile performance and that scan paths play an important role in balancing strength and ductility. These findings provide insight into the selection of LPBF processing conditions for achieving improved mechanical performance in Ti-6Al-4V components.

Abstract ID: DESS2026-019

Investigating effects of filler contents on the viscoelastic and thermomechanical behaviour of DIW-printed Fe2O3-PDMS composite

Sumaiya Rahman
Miami University
Muhammad P. Jahan
Miami University

Direct ink writing (DIW) is one of the flexible additive manufacturing techniques for creating complex 3D structures from particle-filled elastomers with adjustable geometries and multifunctional features. In this study, α-〖 Fe〗_2 O_3 nanoparticles were embedded into Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) at concentrations of 1, 5, 10, and 20 wt%, to explore the viscoelastic and thermomechanical behavior of the PDMS-Fe2O3 composite for potential hybrid magneto reactive or multifunctional applications. The structural stability of crystalline hematite inside the amorphous PDMS matrix, even after tensile deformation, was verified by X-ray diffraction analysis. The 1 wt% and 5 wt% formulation achieved the highest average ultimate tensile strength (UTS) of 3.05 ± 0.50 MPa, while maintaining elastomeric nature. Internal porosity inside the printed structures were observed by optical microscopy, while surface imperfections and localized Fe-rich particle agglomerations were found by elemental mapping and scanning electron microscopy. Oscillatory rheological experiments showed mostly elastic behavior throughout 0.1–100 rad s^(-1)and, steady viscoelastic characteristics between 25 and 100 °C. With a crystallinity of 63.35 ± 2.28% at 20 wt%, differential scanning calorimetry revealed improved PDMS crystallization in the composites. Thermogravimetric analysis also showed delayed siloxane-backbone breakdown and multistage oxidative degradation, with the primary degradation peak for the 10 wt% composite occurring at 570 °C. These results emphasize the potential of DIW-printed α-〖 Fe〗_2 O_3-PDMS composites as mechanically flexible, thermally stable materials for future multifunctional applications.

Biomechanics / Biomedical Engineering

Abstract ID: DESS2026-024

Electrospraying-Mediated Electrical Stimulation Influences Calcification in Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells

Lyana Green
Wright State University
Nasim Nosoudi
Wright State University
Gary Coffman
Wright State University

Introduction: Cardiovascular disease remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, with vascular calcification recognized as a critical contributor to disease progression and adverse clinical outcomes (Durham et al., 2018). Vascular calcification is a regulated, cell-mediated process involving the deposition of calcium phosphate minerals within the vessel wall and is closely associated with phenotypic changes in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) (Ceccherini et al., 2022; Derhambakhsh et al., 2023). Under pathological conditions, VSMCs can transition from a contractile phenotype to an osteogenic-like state, reflecting mechanisms similar to bone formation (Blanquer et al., 2021). While biochemical and mechanical regulators of calcification have been extensively characterized, the role of electrical cues in modulating have enabled controlled electrical stimulation, providing new opportunities to investigate its potential role in calcification processes. Materials and Methods: An in vitro experimental approach was used to evaluate the effects of electrical stimulation on vascular smooth muscle cells. VSMCs were cultured under controlled conditions and exposed to electrical stimulation through vertical electrospraying which was designed to regulate field strength and duration. Calcification was visually assessed and imaged using alizarin red staining and quantified using Inductively Coupled Plasma (ICP) spectroscopy. Cellular metabolic activity and viability were evaluated through ATP assays to confirm that observed effects were not due to cytotoxic stress (Nguyen et al., 2021). Additionally, Western blot analysis was conducted to assess the expression of proteins associated with osteogenic differentiation and phenotypic switching (Zubair & Launico, 2026). Results, Conclusion, and Discussion: Electrical stimulation influenced VSMC behavior, with measurable changes observed in metabolic activity and mineralization-related outcomes. Variations in calcium accumulation, as measured by ICP analysis, suggested that electrical cues may contribute to processes associated with calcification. ATP assay results demonstrated maintained cellular viability, indicating that observed changes were not primarily driven by cytotoxic effects. These findings suggest that electrical stimulation may play a role in regulating VSMC function and could contribute to pathways associated with vascular calcification. The results emphasize the importance of considering electrical signals as potential regulatory factors alongside established biochemical and mechanical influences. While the underlying mechanisms require further investigation, this study provides preliminary evidence supporting the influence of electrical cues on vascular cell behavior.

Fluid Dynamics / CFD

Abstract ID: DESS2026-016

Progressive-Fidelity Assessment of a Mach-8 Oblique Detonation Wave Engine Precompression Flowfield

Lakshmi Sumedha Appalla
Wright State University

Oblique detonation wave engines are being investigated as a possible approach to efficient hypersonic propulsion, but the flow entering the detonation region can be affected by both physical and numerical modeling choices. This study examines the precompression flowfield of a two-dimensional Mach-8, 25° compression wedge at a 30-km altitude-equivalent freestream condition. A progressive verification approach was used, beginning with analytical oblique-shock theory and followed by mesh- and domain-verified inviscid CFD, laminar viscous CFD, and controlled boundary-condition sensitivity studies. The analytical solution was first used to establish the expected shock and post-shock conditions. The numerical solutions were then evaluated using pressure, temperature, Mach number, wall shear stress, boundary-layer profiles, and mass conservation. Two specific boundary-condition comparisons were carried out. In the first, the upstream floor was changed from free-slip to no-slip in order to introduce an incoming boundary layer. In the second, the upper pressure-far-field boundary was replaced with a slip wall while keeping the same 39,376-cell mesh. The analytical model predicted a shock angle of 32.73°, a post-shock Mach number of 3.18, a static-pressure ratio of 21.66, and a post-shock temperature of approximately 1037 K. The CFD results reproduced the expected attached oblique-shock structure and showed mesh- and domain-independent behavior. Changing the upper boundary from pressure-far-field to slip wall produced only very small changes in the core solution: maximum Mach number changed by 0.083%, maximum temperature by 0.048%, average wedge pressure by 0.003%, and average wedge wall shear by 0.24%. The floor boundary condition, however, had a clearer influence on the incoming near-wall flow. These comparisons show that the main shock-compression quantities are relatively robust to the upper-boundary treatment, while near-wall quantities are more sensitive to how the incoming boundary layer is represented. The resulting verification framework provides a reliable baseline for later hydrogen–oxygen reacting-flow and oblique-detonation calculations.

Materials

Abstract ID: DESS2026-013

Integral-Equation Modeling of Carrier Screening in Semiconductor Donors

Reda Ahnouch
Wright State University
Hong Huang
Wright State University
Mohammed Ahnouch
University Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne
Mohammadreza Hadizadeh
Central State University

This work establishes a unified momentum-space partial-wave Lippmann-Schwinger (LS) framework for the three-dimensional shallow-donor problem to calculate shallow-donor ground-state binding energies across both unscreened and free-carrier-screened regimes. Unlike conventional material-by-material estimates, this approach directly maps macroscopic properties—effective mass (m*/me), static dielectric constant (ϵ_s), free-carrier concentration (n_free), and temperature (T)—into a single predictive model. The numerical architecture is verified against an independent Yukawa benchmark and validated in the unscreened Coulomb limit (n_free = 0), reproducing exact analytical values for 19 diverse semiconductor hosts with sub-percent deviations (0.24–0.36%). Finite-density screening is subsequently introduced via the Debye-Hückel wavevector (kD). Our material-resolved maps reveal that while the unscreened hierarchy strictly follows (m*/me)/(ϵ_s)² scaling, Finite-density energy suppression is additionally governed by the dimensionless screening parameter η. Increasing n_free from 10¹⁵ to 10¹⁷ cm⁻³ systematically suppresses binding, most drastically in small-mass, high-permittivity hosts like InAs. Screened calculations agree with experimental benchmarks within approximately 2.2%. Ultimately, this validation-to-prediction framework provides a validated and extensible numerical baseline for shallow-donor modeling. It clearly distinguishes the temperature-dependent Debye-Yukawa loss threshold from the collective Mott criterion, paving the way for future multivalley and central-cell integrations.

Abstract ID: DESS2026-027

Effect of Sodium Naphthalide-Glycol Ether Solution on Initial Wear of Fluoropolymer Composites

Aung Khant Kyaw
Miami University
Dr. Mark Sidebottom
Miami University

Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) composites are a highly practical tribological material used in engineering systems due to their uniquely low coefficient of friction. However, the relatively high wear of fluoropolymer composites, most notable in the initial wear-in or run-in stage, is an undesirable characteristic that shortens their usable lifetime. While minimizing steady-state wear of PTFE composites has been extensively studied, there is limited research on reducing the initial wear observed during the run-in phase. This study examines the effect of etching a sodium naphthalide-glycol ether solution (Fluoroetch®) on the wear of PTFE composite samples. The authors hypothesize that etching of the PTFE composite will enable bonding between the PTFE matrix and fillers. Tribological experiments will be conducted on both etched and unetched PTFE composite surfaces to evaluate the effect of etching on the run-in wear of these materials. After testing is complete, analyses of the tribofilm will be conducted to better understand the differences between unetched and etched samples.

Structures / Solid Mechanics

Abstract ID: DESS2026-018

Predicting and Characterizing Oxidation Regimes in Silicon Carbide via Wagner Transition Mapping and Microstructural Analysis

Alexander Thomas
Wright State University
Charis Lin
Air Force Research Laboratory
Nathan Klingbeil
Wright State University

Awaiting public release.

Undergraduate Research Projects

Abstract ID: DESS2026-002

Effects of Kirigami Cuts on Liquid-Metal Strain Sensors for Range-of-Motion Measurement

Khin Thuzar Nwe
University of Dayton
Alex Watson
University of Dayton

Soft wearable strain sensors can support continuous joint-motion monitoring for rehabilitation and other wearable applications, but maintaining signal quality during motion and ensuring mechanical durability under repeated deformation remain major challenges. To address these challenges, this study examined whether kirigami cuts could reduce permanent deformation and stabilize the electrical response of eutectic gallium-indium (EGaIn) liquid-metal sensors. Cut and uncut sensors were fabricated using thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) and evaluated as TPU-only and fabric-backed designs under repeated stretching. Compared with uncut designs, kirigami-patterned sensors withstood up to 660% strain without failure and returned closer to their initial shape after unloading, although they produced a weaker voltage response. Adding fabric backing increased the response of the cut sensors and improved their consistency across cycles. These results suggest that combining kirigami geometry with fabric support can improve sensor reliability while maintaining the measurable electrical response needed for wearable sensing.